PDCA cycle – a systematic approach to action

The PDCA cycle was created by William Edwards Deming. From here it is often referred to as the Deming cycle or the Deming wheel. The PDCA cycle is part of the continuous improvement concept. It takes place in several logically consecutive stages. These are: planning, doing, checking and acting.

The Deming cycle is one of the basic methods enabling work on process improvement and quality improvement. In addition, this model is an extremely effective system solution that helps to manage activities in the organization.

PDCA stages

Plan

Planning consists of determining the main course of action to achieve a defined goal. The entire process is then analyzed – its course, from the beginning to the end. At this stage, a list is also created and the sequence of key tasks for the analyzed process is determined. An important element at this stage is also the identification of possible causes of problems. Subsequently, during the analysis (e.g. brainstorming) the team makes a decision on the selection of the most beneficial solutions for this process.

Do

Execution involves carrying out pre-planned activities and gathering the required knowledge and reliable information. Testing of potential solutions (and their subsequent possible consequences) is also carried out in this phase.

Check

The results of the actions taken so far are verified. The degree and quality of the implementation of the objectives contained in the predetermined plan are checked. The actual results are analyzed and compared to the goals.

Act

The final stage is improvement. This is when the correct execution of the entire process is monitored and controlled. In case of any differences between the actual and planned results, corrective actions are carried out. In addition, the resulting differences are analyzed.

Use of the PDCA cycle

The PDCA cycle is currently one of the most commonly used solutions, using the process approach. Proceeding in accordance with the consecutive stages brings many benefits – it positively influences the employees’ engagement, stimulates them to think. Additionally, following the PDCA scheme influences the standardization of processes and effectively allows to solve the problems encountered. Because this method is characterized by universality, it can be successfully used in all types of projects and corrective actions. Thanks to the Deming Cycle it is possible to improve and optimize the functioning of the organization to a large extent. This is possible primarily because the PDCA allows for effective diagnosis of disruptions occurring in the company. The Deming cycle provides feedback that increases knowledge and confirms the relevance of the hypotheses posed earlier. This method also enables the quick removal of process obstacles and barriers, thanks to which the organization can systematically improve its operations. The Deming cycle also has a motivational effect on employees. It encourages them to undertake numerous actions aimed at improving processes inside the enterprise.

PDCA cycle and ISO

PDCA is the basis of management systems that have been standardized by ISO (International Organization for Standardization). All of the standards in the ISO series are created based on this simple, but very effective procedure scheme. Experts also recommend that all changes controlled by the organization be conducted in accordance with the Deming cycle.